The reconstruction of the Saalburg and its surroundings was accompanied by intensive research by the Saalburg staff. One of the scientific focal points was the history of the Limes and the Limes hinterland - especially in the immediate vicinity of the Saalburg. Essential findings and parts of the rich find material from the Saalburg and the neighbouring Limes forts were presented in scientific publications, which are still regarded as standard works today.
Experimental archaeology was part of scientific practice at Saalburg even before the term was actually coined. At the beginning of the 20th century, for example, there were already successful experiments on entrenchments with replicas of Roman tools and on the functioning of various ancient guns.